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1989-03-05
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WORLD GENERATOR 1.21
By Marcus L. Rowland C/O 22, Westbourne Park Villas,
London W2 5EA,
ENGLAND
Copyright <C> 1987,88,89
Contents page
---------------------------------
USER SUPPORTED SOFTWARE 2
CONDITIONS OF DISTRIBUTION 2
INTRODUCTION 3
OPERATION 3
MAIN MENU 5
HELP 5
GENERATE NEW SECTOR 5
SAVE SECTOR 7
LOAD OLD SECTOR 7
VIEW A SECTOR 7
ZOOM SYSTEM DETAILS 7
Planetarium 11
EDIT SOLAR SYSTEM 11
SECTOR DATA 14
TUTORIAL 15
ROLLING DEMONSTRATION 15
SPECIAL OPTIONS 15
INFORMATION 16
QUIT 17
ASTRONOMICAL NOTES 17
STAR TYPES 17
GLOSSARY 18
SOURCES 18
PROGRAMMING NOTES 19
8087 VERSION 19
FUTURE PLANS 20
REGISTRATION FORM 21
Copyright <C> Marcus L. Rowland 1987,88,89 - 1
USER SUPPORTED SOFTWARE
-----------------------
If you like this program, and would like to see improved versions, please
register your copy with me at the address above. The registration fee is
Five Pounds (Britain and EEC)
Ten Dollars (USA)
Please make cheques payable to M. L. Rowland. Please specify disk format.
If you register, using the form provided in this file, I'll send you the
source code of this program. I'll also send you version 2 without charge,
and will try to incorporate any suggestions you make for improvements. At
the time of writing I can't promise any definite date for version 2; my
best guess is that it won't appear until mid-1989.
CONDITIONS OF DISTRIBUTION:
---------------------------
This program is copyright. However, I do not object to copying of the
program on the following conditions;
1: No charge is to be made, over and above reasonable media and
duplication charges.
2: The program and related files must be distributed TOGETHER.
3: I reserve the right to remove this program from any user group or
commercial library which I feel is making excessive charges, or
imposing unacceptable conditions. For this reason, libraries are
requested to ask permission before adding it to their stock.
4: It isn't customary to include source code with user supported software;
I did so with earlier versions, because I believed that the program was
most useful if modified for your preferred game system. I estimate that
several hundred copies have now been distributed; so far the only
registered users are a few people who ordered the program directly from
me. For this reason, I will only supply the source code to registered
users; registered users are requested NOT to distribute the source
code. They are also asked not to copy parts of the code into other
programs without my written permission.
5: Registered users may modify this program for their own purposes, and
they are encouraged to customise it for their preferred game system.
However, modified forms of the program should not be distributed. You
are invited to send me suggestions for improvements and modifications.
6: No guarantee is made that this program is suitable for any application
whatsoever, and no responsibility is accepted for any damage that may
arise as a result of using this program.
Copyright <C> Marcus L. Rowland 1987,88,89 - 2
INTRODUCTION
------------
This program produces solar systems for science fiction role playing games,
in which each player takes on the persona of a human or alien of the far
future, in a universe controlled by a referee. If you're not familiar with
the field, think of it as Dungeons and Dragons with spaceships. It IS NOT
an accurate astronomical simulation; current theory seems to suggest that
the universe is MUCH more hostile than the version this program generates.
The most popular SF games are probably Traveller and Traveller 2300
(now retitled 2300 AD; Game Designers Workshop), Star Trek (FASA), Space
Opera (FGU), and Star Frontiers (TSR), with another dozen or so available
if you shop around. Most of these games use fairly complicated rules for
planet design; typically, they take several minutes of dice rolling or
calculation per world. Some extreme cases can take several hours per solar
system. Usually they don't produce maps, unless the referee sits down with
a pencil and paper and draws them from his or her imagination. This program
is designed to do this job fairly quickly, and allows generation, storage,
and editing of solar systems. It'll draw maps of planets, and is designed
with a fairly open (eg simplistic) program structure to make
modification as easy as possible.
My main reasons for writing this program are to learn some simple
Pascal, and to produce something better than the flat star maps used in
most SF role playing games. I also wanted to try a few program ideas, like
the simulated optical characters. If you like this program, please send me
your ideas for improvements; for example, I may add EGA support if there is
sufficient demand; so far no registered user has an EGA.
If you want to use this program you are probably interested in
role-playing games; I'm interested in seeing programs for other
role-playing applications, and hope to put together a disk of really useful
public domain and user-supported RPG programs for British and American user
group libraries.
Several astronomers, role-players, and interested onlookers gave me
help and advice while writing this program; they bear no responsibility for
its errors. In particular, I would like to thank:
John Dallman Discovered many bugs, suggested cursor movement in
solar system selection, gave invaluable help with
the physics of ring worlds.
Richard Pittfield-Perry Pointed out incompatibilities between IBM and
Amstrad PC's, various suggestions on format and
presentation of data.
Richard Taylor Gave great help with astrophysics and planetology
and suggested the disclaimer that appears at the
start of the program.
Jonathan Cowie Lots of astronomical suggestions.
Terry Pratchett Suggested changes, gave advice and encouragement
Also thanks to Dave Langford, Martin Hoare, and all registered users.
OPERATION
---------
If you intend to dump the graphics from this program to a printer, it's a
good idea to begin by running the PC-DOS program GRAPHICS.COM, or whatever
equivalent is provided for your system.
Copyright <C> Marcus L. Rowland 1987,88,89 - 3
The planetarium option of this program produces results which vary
according to the date. For this reason it is essential to have the date
set correctly before you start.
To run this program, insert the disk into a drive, move onto the drive,
and type WORLDGEN <ENTER>. For example, with the disk in drive B;
A>B:
B>WORLDGEN
DON'T RUN THIS PROGRAM WHILE LOGGED ONTO ANOTHER DRIVE, SINCE IT USES A
LOT OF FILES; IT'LL RUN, BUT YOU WON'T GET INSTRUCTIONS ETC., AND SOME
GRAPHICS WILL BE CORRUPTED.
A>B:WORLDGEN is WRONG!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Several options can be selected as command line parameters;
"S" or "s" makes the program run silently.
"P" or "p" makes the program bypass a printer setup option.
"C" tells the program that a colour monitor is in use, and selects the
red/green/yellow palette.
"M1" and "M2" select palettes that should be clearer on monochrome
displays;
"M1" is the Cyan/Magenta/White palette found on all CGA/EGA cards.
"M2" selects an especially clear Red/White/Blue display. Unfortunately few
cards (other than original IBM CGA cards) support it, and it isn't
found on any EGA.
If you select more than one colour option as a command parameter, only the
last one selected will be used.
Example: A>WORLDGEN S P C selects silent operation, printer setup
bypassed, colour display.
Example: A>WORLDGEN M1 M2 C ultimately selects colour.
If you don't use these parameters, the first part of the program asks a few
simple questions about your system.
Do you have a CGA Card? If you have a text card, or other incompatible
card, this program is no use to you. Warning: This program apparently locks
up if run on a Hercules-type card with some CGA emulation programs, but
runs fine with others; I have no idea why. If your graphics aren't
compatible, press "X" to exit. You shouldn't damage your computer if you
try to run the program, but you won't get any results, and may need to
reboot! Press any other key to continue.
The next question concerns colour monitors; if you select a monochrome
display, this option uses the Cyan-Magenta-White palette, which should give
slightly clearer graphics. Press any other key to continue.
Finally, you'll be asked if you want to set up your printer. This
question leads you to a simple set-up procedure for Epson printers if you
press "Y". It may also work on other printers, but I can't guarantee this.
Move the paper to the top of form and switch on before entering the
paper length; any length from 0 to 99 lines is acceptable. Below 10 lines
(why are you using such an odd size anyway?) enter 0 for the first figure.
The computer sends a string initialising the page size and setting the
printer to skip perforations. If you have an Epson printer but don't want
Copyright <C> Marcus L. Rowland 1987,88,89 - 4
to change any settings, press the space bar to bypass this procedure.
Once you've dealt with these questions, you'll see a graphics display,
showing two planets colliding. This can be interrupted if you press a key
before the planets meet. After the graphic, the computer will beep and ask
you to press a key. Whenever this happens, you can break out of the program
by pressing CONTROL-BREAK. This isn't a good idea if you're in graphics
mode, because it'll mess up your display, but the option is there if you
want it.
Next, you'll see a screen showing system requirements and copyright
messages (omitted if you interrupt the titles). It's followed by the main
menu for the program, which should look something like this;
-------------------------------------------------------------------
World Generator 1.21 - Copyright (c) 1988,89 - By Marcus L. Rowland
Time is 23.40 hours on Thursday, 30th of June 1988
No systems in memory : Beep is on : Display Colour : Security level 0
Press keys for program options
[G] GENERATE new sector
[S] SAVE sector [edited or generated sector]
[L] LOAD old sector
[V] VIEW a sector [loaded or generated sector]
[Z] ZOOM system details [loaded or generated system]
[E] EDIT solar system [loaded or generated system]
[D] Sector DATA [loaded or generated sector]
[T] TUTORIAL
[R] ROLLING demonstration
[O] Special OPTIONS
[Q] QUIT
[I] INFORMATION [H] HELP
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Let's look at those options in more detail:
HELP
----
I've taken the last item first because it's an important new part of the
program. You'll find this option on most menus. It loads a help file
(WG.HLP), and shows a list of topics, which varies according to the menu.
Press another key (as indicated on the screen) for more information. For
unknown reasons the HELP screen doesn't always appear the first time it is
used; press <ENTER> if the disk drive operates but no help appears.
Because on-line help is now available, this documentation describes some
options of this program in a little less detail than in earlier versions.
GENERATE NEW SECTOR
-------------------
Option "G" is the key function of the program. It randomly designs a
Copyright <C> Marcus L. Rowland 1987,88,89 - 5
maximum of 100 solar systems (more usually 20-30), and distributes them in
a space sector ten light years on a side. This part of the program cheats
in one respect; to simplify programming, there can be no more than one
solar system for each set of XY coordinates. For example, if you have a
system at coordinates X3 Y7 Z2, you can't have another one at X3 Y7 Z8.
Coordinates are shown in the following order;
X - Coordinate; lateral displacement eg Column
Y - Coordinate; forward displacement eg row
Z - Coordinate; height above an imaginary plane.
This is a fairly normal convention for war gaming and other game
applications.
Each location with a solar system is indicated by a shaded area of the
mapping grid, with a red line leading up to a disk indicating the location
of the solar system.
Once the grid stars are generated, the computer will beep for attention.
Press any key to see the systems generated.
Each system is allocated a star and up to seventeen planets, asteroid
belts, dust clouds, or secondary stars. All are assumed to be orbiting the
main star, shown at the left of the screen. Coordinates are shown below the
star. The following symbols are used to show the star and its satellites;
Star: Yellow circle with red core, size variable, or two stars overlapping
if the primary star is a close binary pair. Distant binary stars use the
same symbol superimposed on a red arc.
Asteroid belt: Green arc interrupted by red dots.
Dust cloud: Random dot pattern.
Airless world: Green arc with yellow diamond. The program includes several
terrain types, but they aren't shown on-screen at this stage. Some planets
shown with this symbol have traces of atmosphere. On mono displays there is
a dark line across the lower half of the diamond.
Poison World: Green arc with red diamond. Planet with a toxic or corrosive
atmosphere, usually Venus-like or with a halogen atmosphere. On mono
displays the diamond is divided horizontally into two equal sections.
Oxygen World; Green arc with green diamond. On mono displays there is a
dark line across the upper half of the diamond.
Gas Giant: Green arc interrupted by red circle with yellow core and red
horizontal stripe. If the world is ringed a green diagonal stripe is
superimposed.
In addition to these "everyday" astronomical objects, the editing process
(described below) allows you to add a few more;
Black Hole: Red circle with horizontal bars leading to the upper left and
lower right. This program only allows black holes as the main star of a
system.
Proto-Star: As black hole symbol, but with a yellow filling. Proto-stars
Copyright <C> Marcus L. Rowland 1987,88,89 - 6
are also only available as the main star of a system.
Oxygen Ringworld: Shown as a yellow and green band, with a dotted red band
(orbital sun shades) nearer the star. See the novels Ringworld and
Ring-World Engineers by Larry Niven for more details.
Toxic Ringworld: Shown as a yellow and red band. This is a ringworld built
by aliens who breathe a toxic atmosphere.
SAVE SECTOR
-----------
Option "S" allows saving of generated (or edited) sectors. You'll be asked
to enter a file name, in the format [d:]filename. The program automatically
adds the extension .SEC, so that (for example) B:BRIAN becomes B:BRIAN.SEC
etc. An error-checking procedure should stop you using illegal file names,
but this isn't guaranteed. If you don't enter a file name, but just press
return, the sector is saved as UNNAMED.SEC without any drive specified. See
the technical section below for details of file structure etc. If you want
other people to read notes about the sector, you should prepare a .DOC file
describing it; the format is described below under "LOAD OLD SECTOR".
LOAD OLD SECTOR
---------------
Option "L" reloads sectors, and behaves in the same way as the save option.
As well as loading a sector, it looks for a text file describing the
sector, and shows it if it is present. This file should have the same drive
specifier (if any) and name, but the extension .DOC; for example SAMPLE.DOC
for SAMPLE.SEC. Files must be no more than 23 lines, 78 column text; files
can be created with Sidekick or any other ASCII text editor. You can
include IBM graphics characters if you like.
VIEW A SECTOR
-------------
Option "V" lets you look around the sector, using the cursor keys to select
a location. If you press ENTER you'll return to the main menu. On Amstrad
PC 1512, and any other computer with a mouse that imitates the cursor pad,
you can use the mouse to move around the systems.
ZOOM SYSTEM DETAILS
-------------------
Option "Z" draws detailed maps of a solar system and its' worlds. The
procedure takes approximately thirty seconds per screen, the exact time
depending on the speed of your computer. It begins with a menu giving
several options:
[Z] ZOOM into one solar system
[P] PLANETARIUM view of one solar system
[G] GRAND tour of sector
"Z" selects a detailed examination of each body in a solar system.
"P" shows all the bodies in a system, and their current orbital position.
"G" carries out these two procedures for every system in the sector.
Copyright <C> Marcus L. Rowland 1987,88,89 - 7
If you choose "Z" or "P" you'll be asked to select a system by coordinates
or by cursor movements (as the main menu option "V", above); move around
the sector using the cursor keys; when you reach the system you want, press
the ENTER to go straight to the detailed display. If you press ENTER when
you're in an area that doesn't contain a solar system, you'll return to the
mapping menu.
ZOOM into one solar system
--------------------------
Once you've selected a system, the display generates details of each of the
astronomical objects it contains, with the following layout:
+------------------------------------------------+
| Symbol map of solar system (as first maps) |
|------------------------------------------------|
| chart (format | |
| varies with | Map or diagram of body |
| type of body) | |
|------------------------------------------------|
| orbit map | Data (format varies with |
| | details of star or planet) |
| | [if room, menu of options] |
+------------------------------------------------+
The exact format varies with the type of body. Each body takes a few
seconds, depending on its type and the speed of the computer. The orbit map
is NOT to scale, just a rough indication of eccentricity.
Common features of all maps:
Human and alien colonies are indicated as square blocks; human colonies are
green, alien colonies are red. Native cities are shown as yellow blocks.
Colonised moons are indicated by these symbols below the moon. On a
monochrome display there is a dark dot to the left of the green markers, in
the middle of the red marker, to the right of the yellow mark
IMPORTANT NOTE
The computer beeps and pauses after each star or planet. If you press any
key (except P, M, or X) it will carry on to the next body, or exit if
you've reached the outermost body of the solar system.
If you press "P" the program prints a detailed description. This
description isn't a screen dump, but statistics of orbit, mass, mineral
composition, etc.
If you press "M" the program will either dump the main map to your
printer (if the map shows a gas giant, asteroid belt, star, ringworld, or
dust cloud), or (for "solid" planets) go to a menu with more options;
"Z" Zoom in: Use the cursor keys to move a shaded rectangle onto part of
the map, then "Enter" to zoom in. The window will fill with a pattern
of coloured squares which is enhanced as another map. Press "P" to
print the new map or any other key to zoom out again.
"G" Grid: Superimposes a rectangular grid (corresponding to the areas
used by the "Zoom" option). Press "P" to print this map, any other
Copyright <C> Marcus L. Rowland 1987,88,89 - 8
key to remove the grid.
"X" Exit from the map option, show the next planet (or whatever).
The program supports four types of map dump, selected from the OPTIONS
menu. The default is a map showing each coloured area by its outlines, for
Epson-compatible printers. See notes on the options menu, below, for more
information.
If you press "X" the program returns to the main menu.
Stars:
Main Map: Side view of the star superimposed on a square grid. The grid
scale is one square = 50000 km. The core of the star is shown
in red, the outer atmosphere in yellow. For small stars the
grid may be magnified; lines are still 50000 Km apart.
Chart: Circle representing axial tilt from a mean orbital plane; for
primary stars this is usually negligible, for other stars it
may be considerable. This is not a scale chart.
Orbit Map: Shows a red circle if the star is the primary, or a ring if
it's orbiting the primary.
Data: Shows the type of star, its composition as proportions of
Hydrogen and Helium, its temperature, and its gravitational
pull. Temperature is in degrees Kelvin (0 K = -273 C), gravity
is on a scale where Earth gravity = 1g. No degree symbol is
shown for temperature, since Kelvin temperatures don't use it.
Close binaries:
Main Map: The two stars superimposed, indicating relative sizes and
separation.
Chart: shows the separation more clearly, and indicates the extent of
their common atmosphere. NOT TO SCALE.
Orbit Map: Shows a double circle for the pair.
Data: Shows type, Hydrogen and Helium content of the two stars, and
their temperatures and gravitational pull.
World with exotic atmosphere:
Main Map: A terrain chart, showing mountains and hills in red, low lands
in black, against a yellow background.
Chart: Shows axial tilt, with an extra box to show any moons that
might exist.
Data: Shows atmosphere contents: the following gases may be
indicated;
H = Hydrogen
He = Helium
O = Oxygen
N = Nitrogen
Hal = Halogens
Ar = Argon
CO = Carbon Dioxide
2
H O = Water vapour
2
CH = Methane
4
Copyright <C> Marcus L. Rowland 1987,88,89 - 9
All these gases should be considered as representing a broad
class of chemicals; for example, Carbon Dioxide includes other
carbon compounds, and Halogens includes Chlorine, Flourine,
Bromine, etc. Temperature, gravity and atmospheric pressure
are also shown; pressure is related to Earth sea level
pressure.
Small Airless Worlds:
These worlds are shown as simple terrain maps, black on a yellow surface.
Three main types of world are shown;
worlds with fairly smooth surfaces [eg Mercury];
worlds with mountains [eg Mars]; mountains are shown in red;
worlds with mountains and ice [eg Pluto]; ice is shown in green;
Usually there is no atmosphere, or a tiny unusable residue. All other
details of the charts are as the maps for toxic worlds.
Oxygen Worlds:
The surface is shown as yellow and green (green is low ground, yellow is
high ground) with red mountains. Water is shown as the background colour,
which switches to blue. All other details are as above.
Gas Giants:
The main diagram shows a side view of the planet, with any rings, plus
any moons. The chart shows axial tilt. Colonies on the moons are shown as
symbols below them. All other chart details are as above.
Asteroid Belts:
The main diagram shows the largest asteroids and their relative positions
in the belt, plus the primary and any other suns inside the orbit of the
belt. The chart shows belt thickness and density. All other details are
as above.
Dust Clouds:
The main diagram shows the rough distribution of the cloud around its
primary. All other details are as asteroid belts.
Proto-stars:
The main diagram is a picture of the star and associated dust clouds from
the side. The chart is a view from above. All other details are as a
normal star.
Black Holes:
The main diagram is a side view of the star. The chart shows
gravitational distortion caused by the star (not entirely seriously!).
Other details are as a normal star, but it is assumed that there is no
evidence of composition, and that the entire system will be
uninhabitable. This is a BIG black hole!
Ring Worlds:
The main diagram is an oblique view of the ring from a position outside
and `below' it. It shows the primary star, the orbital sun shades
surrounding it, and some of the terrain of the ring world. The chart
shows the ring, sun shades, and star in plan view. All other details are
Copyright <C> Marcus L. Rowland 1987,88,89 - 10
as an oxygen world or toxic world.
PLANETARIUM view of one solar system
------------------------------------
This option shows a view of the entire solar system from a point above
and to one side of the plane of the ecliptic. The current positions of
planets and stars etc. are shown, varying according to the date. Objects
above the plane of the ecliptic are shown with a tail below them, objects
below the ecliptic are shown with a tail above them.
Please note that distances used by this display are NOT to scale;
distances in the inner system are greatly exaggerated, in the outer
system they are greatly reduced.
EDIT SOLAR SYSTEM
-----------------
Option "E" lets you play God in a big way. You can alter the primary star
and other astronomical bodies, and move or delete the entire solar system.
You should know about a few problems.
1: This program won't change all details to correspond to the option you
choose; for example, if you change a dwarf star into a giant, you are
strongly advised to change two or three of the inner planets. A few
possible combinations are astronomically impossible or just plain
silly; for example, a solar system orbiting a black hole should only
consist of asteroid belts and dust clouds, if anything, since
larger would be torn apart by tidal stress.
2: Changing a detail alters the fine detail of everything that comes
after it. For example, if you change the Z-coordinate, you'll still
have the same types of planets, but the maps and details of
atmosphere, gravity, etc. will change. If you change a sun or planet,
all the planets to the right will also change.
3: Editing commands have been changed from earlier versions of the
program; if you aren't familiar with the earlier versions, don't worry
about it. If you do know the program, please note that the commands are
now by mnemonic letters, not numbers.
See further details under each editing option, below.
You'll first be asked to select a solar system, using a menu like the one
for solar system mapping. There is one important exception; if you use
option 3 and enter coordinates for a location that hasn't already got a
star, a random solar system will be generated. To avoid accidents this
isn't implemented on menu option 2.
Once a system is selected or generated, the screen shows the standard
small solar system map, with the numbers 0 to 17 added to indicate
locations of stars and planets. The main editing commands are on the next
page:
Copyright <C> Marcus L. Rowland 1987,88,89 - 11
[P] Edit Primary star
[O] Change Orbiting planet / star
[Z] Change Z-Coordinate
[D] Delete System
[G] Generate a new system
[M] Look at detailed maps
[S] Security toggle
[C] Cancel all edits
[X] Exit with changes
If you press "P", you'll see the following menu;
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Press keys to select star type
as follows [most stars are in
the astronomical main sequence;
see documentation for details.]
Star type B0 B5 A0 A5 F0 F5 G0
Key A B C D E F G
Star type G5 K0 K5 M0 M5 M9 DG
Key H I J K L M N
Or "O" for a binary pair
"P" for a black hole
"Q" for a proto-star
Editing primary does not change
other planets and stars; they
should be edited to suit the
new sun!
--------------------------------------------------------------------
The stars available in options A to M are typical main sequence stars (see
the astronomical section, below). DG is a typical white dwarf. Remember
that you need to edit all the system if you change the primary; for
example, if you change a dwarf star into a supergiant, you'll need to
adjust the positions of many of the planets. If you have time, and want a
main sequence star, you may be better off generating random solar systems
until you get one that looks right. For options N through Q there should be
few or no planets, and certainly no habitable planets. For added realism
you may wish to edit out oxygen worlds orbiting B, A, F, and M-type stars;
they aren't very likely, but are useful for role-playing adventures.
If you press "O" you'll see:
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Press planet number, 1 to 9
or A to H for planets 10 to 17
--------------------------------------------------------------------
eg;
Key 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F G H
Orbit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Copyright <C> Marcus L. Rowland 1987,88,89 - 12
Once you choose a key, another menu appears:
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Planet / star n selected
Press for replacement:
<Space bar> = nothing
0 = Asteroids
1 = Earth-like
2 = Poison atmosphere
3 = Airless, cratered
4 = Airless, mountainous
5 = Airless, icy
6-7 = Gas giant (no rings)
8-9 = Gas giant (with rings)
[7 & 9 are bigger than 6 & 8]
A = Companion star
Q = Ringworld (poison)
R = Ringworld (oxygen)
S = Dust cloud
--------------------------------------------------------------------
As already said, the best way to position planets is to generate a solar
system. For ringworlds it's essential to put the ring at a distance that
will support the type of atmosphere you want. The easiest way to do this is
to replace an oxygen world (or toxic world) with the ring. There are good
reasons to assume that there won't be any other astronomical objects in a
ringworld system, apart from a single well-behaved star, so edit them out.
If you choose option A (companion star) you'll see a similar menu to
the one above for primary stars. However, choices O-Q aren't available for
a companion star.
If you press "Z" you'll see:
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Enter new Z-Coordinate, 0 to 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------
This simply changes the system Z-coordinate to the value entered. Remember
that changing the Z-coordinate changes every subsequent planet or star in
the system!
If you press "D" you'll see:
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Delete system? Are you sure??
If you do this only options
4 [generate a new system],
8 [lose all changes], or
9 [accept changes] will work!!
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Press "Y" if you want to go ahead.
Choice "G" gives you another warning:
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Generate a random system?
Are you sure??
You will lose all edits!!
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Copyright <C> Marcus L. Rowland 1987,88,89 - 13
Press "Y" if you want to go ahead.
Choice "M" shows you world details (as in option "Z" of the main menu). All
choices (eg pressing "X" to exit, "P" to print data) are available.
Option "S" locks or unlocks the system, for use with the security options
this program now offers. Since you must have a security level of 1 or less
to use the editing menu, you won't actually see any change at this stage of
the program.
Choice "C" restores your original system, or removes the system if you
began with an empty location.
Choice "X" adds your new or modified system to the sector file and returns
you to the main menu.
WARNING: REMEMBER THAT YOU HAVEN'T MADE ANY PERMANENT CHANGE UNTIL YOU SAVE
THE SECTOR FILE TO DISK!!!
SECTOR DATA
-----------
Option "D" allows you to generate statistics for the sector in several
forms;
[B] BRIEF analysis of sector data
[P] PRINT details of one system
[A] Print details of ALL systems
[V] VIEW sector record (ASCII)
[D] DISTANCES between stars
Option "B" does a brief analysis of all systems, counting the worlds and
drawing a map showing the location of oxygen worlds and other objects of
astronomical interest. You'll see something like this:
--------------------------------------------------------------------
sector systems
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 * # # #
1 * * #
Oxygen Ring world at 007 2 * *
Close binary pair at 155 3
Black hole at 496 4 * * *<#
Close binary pair at 642 5 *<* * *[
Proto-Star at 958 6 * #
This sector contains 29 systems, 7 * # * #
11 planets have oxygen atmospheres. 8 # #
51 planets have no atmosphere. 9 * # *{ *
23 planets have toxic atmospheres. # = Oxygen World
26 planets are gas giants. < = close binary system
There are 81 asteroid belts { = black hole
and 31 dust clouds. [ = Protostar
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Press any key to return to the DATA menu.
Copyright <C> Marcus L. Rowland 1987,88,89 - 14
Option "P" uses the selection menu to find a solar system, then runs
through each of the suns and worlds in turn, printing out the data that
would normally be produced by pressing "P" after generating a planet map.
It runs fairly quickly because it doesn't display any graphics, apart from
the simple solar system map. The main limitation is the speed of your
printer; if you have a buffer card in the printer, or run a spooler
program, it only takes a few seconds per system.
Option "A" gives you a full rundown of a sector; it takes some time, even
if you have plenty of buffer or spooler memory. You can stop the run by
pressing any key; it will stop at the end of the next system.
If you proceed, the program displays the brief analysis described above
(as in statistics option 1), copies the screen to the printer, then starts
to generate data for each system of the sector. Progress is shown by a
sector map and system map on the screen. If you want to interrupt the run,
press any key; it will stop when it reaches the end of the current solar
system. This procedure does use a LOT of paper; a typical system needs two
to four A4 pages, and the program sends a page feed at the end of each
system. To save paper, you may want to modify the program to use a smaller
type style (eg superscript) and smaller line spacing, and set the printer
for an appropriate page size. I haven't done this because the codes needed
tend to vary considerably between different printers.
Option "D" calculates the distance from a selected system to all other
systems in the sector. Distances are shown in light years.
TUTORIAL
--------
Option "T" gives an on-screen explanation of the main points of the
program, with graphics; it uses six files from the disk, so speed is
limited to the speed of your disk drive. After most screens you're asked to
press a key to continue. There's no point in giving details here.
ROLLING DEMONSTRATION
---------------------
This option shows the titles, the TUTORIAL (without pausing for the user),
and some aspects of the SECTOR DATA procedure. It then loads the data file
SAMPLE.SEC and shows details of all the systems. This demonstration takes
nearly half an hour to repeat on a fast machine, much longer on a standard
PC. You can interrupt it at any time by pressing a key briefly; since the
program will always continue to the end of the current screen, it may take
a few seconds to return to the main menu.
SPECIAL OPTIONS
---------------
This is a menu of a few additional routines that probably won't be used
more than once or twice per session;
Copyright <C> Marcus L. Rowland 1987,88,89 - 15
[B] BEEP on or off
[T] Change beep TONE
[C] Change COLOUR palette
[M] Choose printer type for MAPS
[P] Set PRINTER page size
[D] DIRECTORY of all files
[U] Directory of USER files
[S] set SECURITY level
[X] Return to main menu
"B": If you don't like the way this program beeps whenever it pauses,
press "B" to switch the sound off. Press "B" again to restore the
beep.
"T": Cycles through the following frequencies;
50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200
The default is 400 cycles
"C": This option toggles between the normal display (Red / Green /
Yellow), and the two alternate displays (Cyan/Magenta/White and
Red/White/Blue) recommended for monochrome screens.
A test pattern is shown to demonstrate the new palette.
"M": Selects one of four map dump procedures; Small Epson map, Large
Epson map, generic map, Tandy CGP-115 plotter map. The Epson map
dumps work with any Epson-compatible printer, and show areas as
outlines. The generic map uses different characters to represent
different colours; your printer must be able to work in 100+ column
mode to use it. The Tandy map uses pen colours to represent map
colours; it runs very slowly, and you can interrupt it by pressing
any key.
"P": Repeats the printer setup option from the start of the program.
"D": Shows names of all files on the disk; does not show file size, but
does indicate the space left on the disk.
"U": Gives a directory of sector and document files (*.SEC and *.DOC)
"S": Security options.
If you haven't used this option during a session, you'll be
prompted for a password which will be used for the remainder of the
session. If you have used the option before, you'll be asked to
enter the password; if it's wrong, you'll be returned to the
options menu.
Five security levels are supported;
Level [0] is the default setting, with no security in use. Anyone is
able to enter the security menu by typing any password. It's
STRONGLY suggested that you DON'T stay at this level if more than
one person is using the machine, since it's possible for a practical
joker to put the security level up to 4 and exit, leaving you with a
program you can't interrupt without re-booting the computer.
Level [1] stops anyone from changing the password and security
level, but has no other effects. Remember that this level allows
users to drop in and out of the program, and that security will be
back on 0 if it is re-loaded.
Level [2] prevents editing and saving of files. It also bars users
from systems that have been protected by the EDIT menu security
option. The password is needed to exit from the program.
Level [3] prevents system generation, editing, and saving files. It
also bars users from systems that have been protected by the EDIT
Copyright <C> Marcus L. Rowland 1987,88,89 - 16
menu security option. The password is needed to exit from the
program.
Level [4] prevents all zoom and data options, system generation,
editing, and saving files. It also bars users from systems that have
been protected by the EDIT menu security option. The password is
needed to exit from the program.
Quit
----
You'll be asked to confirm by pressing "Y". Remember that any systems in
memory will be lost unless you save them first.
ASTRONOMICAL NOTES
------------------
To be brutally frank, the astronomy of this program leaves quite a lot to
be desired. I hope to improve astronomical accuracy in versions 2.00;
unfortunately memory limitations made this very difficult with Turbo Pascal
3.1, and improvement requires fundamental changes in program structure
which will take some time to develop. A few of the main flaws follow;
1: There isn't enough variation in terrain on different world types.
2: Stars available are only a representative selection of the main
sequence, plus a "typical" white dwarf, binary pairs, proto-stars, and
black holes.
3: The astronomy of multiple-star systems has been greatly simplified.
Close pairs are shown as orbiting a single point, more distant stars are
shown as a small star orbiting a larger primary. In reality all binary
solar systems would probably be EXTREMELY eccentric, with planets
orbiting the common centre of gravity, or one of the two stars. Planets
much larger than Mercury would probably be unlikely.
4: Tidal forces have mostly been ignored.
5: Planets are too common, and there are too many oxygen worlds. In
particular, the program occasionally produces oxygen worlds orbiting
unusually large or small stars; both are generally considered to be very
unlikely, but handy for role playing.
6: Albedo effects have been greatly simplified.
7: Gas giant core heating is probably over-simplified.
8: Black holes and Proto-Stars are greatly simplified.
There are probably other flaws I've missed. Please let me know about them
when you register your copy of World Generator (sorry: I'm NOT going to
enter into correspondance with anyone who hasn't registered their copy!)
STAR TYPES
----------
This program currently supports a few types of star, as shown next page:
Copyright <C> Marcus L. Rowland 1987,88,89 - 17
Type Luminosity Temperature Mass Radius Description
-----------------------------------------------------------
B0 56000 28000 18.0 10.0 Blue-white giant
B5 1400 15500 6.5 4.4 " " "
A0 90 9900 3.2 3.2 White stars
A5 16 8500 2.1 1.8 " "
F0 8.1 7400 1.7 1.7 Yellowish stars
F5 3.5 6700 1.3 1.4 " "
G0 1.21 6000 1.04 1.03 Yellow dwarf stars
G5 0.67 5500 0.94 0.91 " " "
K0 0.42 4900 0.825 0.908 Orange dwarf stars
K5 0.08 4100 0.57 0.566 " " "
M0 0.04 3500 0.489 0.549 Orange-red dwarfs
M5 0.007 2800 0.331 0.358 " " "
M9 0.001 2300 0.215 0.201 " " "
DG 0.00006 4500 0.63 0.012 White Dwarf
For all these stars luminosity, mass, and radius are compared to the sun,
temperature is in degrees Kelvin.
All these stars, apart from the white dwarf, are part of the main sequence.
Binary stars are pairs of two of these star types. Black holes and
proto-stars tend to show a good deal of variation in this program, and I
would welcome more data on their probable sizes etc.
GLOSSARY
--------
Main Sequence: The main sequence is a sequence of star sizes, masses, and
temperatures which runs from blue-white giants down to red
dwarves. There are exceptions to the main sequence, but they
tend to be comparatively rare. The stars used in this
program are just some of many main-sequence possibilities;
for example, the Sun is a main sequence star, type G2. You
can easily modify the program to include other stars.
Luminosity: A measurement of the heat leaving a star, a function of its
temperature and surface area. A small hot star may have less
luminosity than a large cool one.
Proto-Stars: Gas clouds that are collapsing to form stars and solar
systems.
SOURCES
-------
Patrick Moore The Guiness Book Of Astronomy Facts And Feats
Abell/Morrison/Wolff Exploration Of The Universe
Isaac Asimov The Universe: From Flat Earth to Quasar
Traveller Book 6 Game Designers Workshop (table of stars etc.)
Copyright <C> Marcus L. Rowland 1987,88,89 - 18
PROGRAMMING NOTES
-----------------
This program was originally written using Turbo Pascal 3.10, and is now
converted to run under Turbo Pascal 4.00 with the Turbo3 and Graph3 units.
It consists of a main program (WORLDGEN.PAS) plus six include files
(WG1.INC to WG6.INC) [source code is only supplied to registered users].
The development system is an IBM PC which was originally fitted with a
V20 chip, but has now been upgraded with an Orchid Turbo EGA card; an 80286
speedup board. I've tried to keep speed as high as possible, but this
program needs a fast machine to work well!
Data files are text, derived from arrays [0..9,0..9] of String[40]. This
is a change from version 1.00 and 1.01, but files can be converted using
the utility WG_CONV.COM (on the program disk).
Files generated by version 1.02 have the same structure as those in
version 1.1 etc.
WARNING: While WG_CONV.COM converts files to work with WORLDGEN 1.1, and
files from version 1.02 will load without modification, there are
unavoidable differences between the way the current and ALL earlier
versions generate terrain and other features. For example, a planet might
have a high-tech civilisation under older versions, but no inhabitants
under the new version. If you want to keep these features, you should use
an older version of this program!
A typical system record (a binary) looks like this;
123B0M5....2 ....3 ....0 0 0 .......S ...
In this example, 123 are the coordinates, B0 and M5 are star types, then
there is a gap of two empty locations (shown here as four dots, but
actually recorded as spaces) followed by a Venus-type world. Two more
gaps are followed by an airless world, another gap is followed by a
series of three asteroid belts, more vacant orbits, then a dust cloud. At
present stars are recorded as two characters, planets etc. as a single
character. Space is left for a second character for each planet, which
may be used in later versions of the program. An extra byte is currently
unused - WARNING - I HAVE PLANS FOR IT!
When detailed solar system information is wanted, the program uses
the coordinates and other data to seed the random number generator. This
procedure is the key to producing repeatable planet maps. The only
alternative would be to record each planet to disk in some form, which
would require huge amounts of disk space.
8087 VERSION - WG87
-------------------
The 8087 version is marginally faster than WORLDGEN in most parts of the
the program, a lot faster in areas that use a lot of Real numbers (eg
fractions), such as system generation, ringworld mapping, orbital
calculations, etc. The two versions weren't completely compatible in
versions prior to 1.1, but this difficulty has now been overcome.
Copyright <C> Marcus L. Rowland 1987,88,89 - 19
FUTURE PLANS
In later versions of this program I hope to add several additional
facilities. These are mainly aimed at role players, and include;
1* Multiple sector maps. An option to link several maps to form a larger
mapped volume. Probably 30 x 30 x 30 light years, but this isn't
certain.
2* Aliens. A HIGHLY speculative procedure to generate aliens tailored to
the worlds produced by the main program. This will probably be a
separate program included on the main Worldgen disk.
3* More types of stars and planets. Dyson spheres.
4* Hole-Busters. An arcade adventure game using Worldgen data files. This
will probably be sold separately, but may be part of the main program.
5* Better user friendliness (eg, more options at every stage, on-line help
during graphics operations, not just from menus.)
6* Support for EGA and better display on LCD screens IF ENOUGH REGISTERED
USERS WANT IT!
Note: Three of the original list of six future improvements are now part of
this version. I hope to continue to improve the program with every release.
I can only produce new versions if Worldgen earns enough money to make it
worthwhile. So far it hasn't come close to paying for my copy of Turbo
Pascal, let alone the work I've put into writing it! PLEASE REGISTER!
This space gratuitously left blank
Copyright <C> Marcus L. Rowland 1987,88,89 - 20
REGISTRATION FORM
-----------------
WORLDGEN 1.21 REGISTRATION FORM - PLEASE SEND TO
MARCUS L. ROWLAND
C/O 22 WESTBOURNE PARK VILLAS,
LONDON W2 5EA, ENGLAND
Name ...............................................
Address ...............................................
...............................................
...............................................
...............................................
[please indicate country, state, postcode or zip code, etc.]
I wish to register my copy of World Generator 1.21
I enclose a registration fee of five pounds (Britain and EEC)
ten dollars (USA) *
* Dollar cheques please, not money orders or cash.
Registration entitles you to receive source code, and version 2 of this
program, free of charge. PLEASE SPECIFY PREFERRED DISK TYPE BELOW!
Signature ......................................
DATA PROTECTION ACT: Please note that details on this form will be added
to a data base for my personal use only.
Survey - Please fill in the following details
Computer type .............................. eg IBM PC, Amstrad, etc.
Computer memory .............................. eg 512 k, 640 k
Graphics type .............................. eg CGA card, EGA, etc.
Disk required 5.25",360k....... 3.5",720k......
Is your display monochrome or colour .........................
Main SF role playing system ..................................
Other systems used ..................................
Please give details of any changes or improvements you would like to see
made to this program.
Copyright <C> Marcus L. Rowland 1987,88,89 - 21